Use the last short rectangle to connect the end of the short horizontal line in the “F” shape to the middle of the top line in the “F” shape. Use the other long rectangle and a short rectangle to transform the “I” shape into an “F” shape. Place a longer rectangle in front of you so it forms an “I” shape. Punch another hole in the center of each of the larger rectangles. 
Punch holes near both ends of each of the four rectangles. Carefully cut two 10-by-2.5 cm cardboard rectangles sized to create the folding part of the pantograph. These will be the arms of the pantograph. Carefully cut out (or have an adult help cut) two 20-by-2.5 cm cardboard rectangles. Four brads (round-head paper fasteners). Scissors (you might want to have an adult help cut the cardboard if necessary). Cardboard, at least 20 by 7.5 centimeters. Try it out and see how levers can be used in a surprising way! How you use it determines if you will get an enlarged, a miniaturized or a reversed copy. A pantograph is a machine that helps to copy drawings. More complex machines combine several simple machines to get a task done. In the case of the lever the mechanical structures include a beam and a pivot point called the fulcrum. The mechanical structure controls the movements and makes up most of the body of the machine. In the case of simple machines they were first powered by humans. The power source provides the energy to get the device moving. Machines work by having a power source and a mechanical structure. You might not be able to lift your friend off the ground on your own, but if you are each sitting on different sides of a seesaw, you can probably move so that your friend is lifted into the air. (Renaissance scientists defined six types of simple machines: a lever, a wedge, a pulley, a screw, a wheel and axle, and an inclined plane.) Think of a seesaw on the playground. Simple machines, such as levers, allow us to apply force to accomplish a task we might otherwise not be able to complete. Machines are mechanical devices we use to complete specific tasks. Can you figure out how it enlarges, shrinks or turns drawings upside down? 
In this activity you will make your own pantograph and then duplicate your drawings. It makes copies that can be scaled up or down or made the same size. A machine called a pantograph, however, could help. Have you ever wished you could copy a drawing but make it larger or smaller? If you’ve ever tried to create a larger or smaller copy of your work, you’ve probably realized that it is very hard to get the details right.
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